Unraveling the triad of hypoxia, cancer cell stemness, and drug resistance

Table 1 DNA-repair proteins related to CSCs and their therapeutic resistance

Mechanisms	DNA-repair proteins	Functions	Cancer types	References
BER	APE1	Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease	Colon	[332]
			Breast	[333]
	ERCC1	endonuclease	Colon	[334]
			Esophageal	[335]
	MTH1	hydrolase	Glioblastoma	[336]
NER	RPA2	binding ssDNA	Glioma	[337]
PRR	RAD6	Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme	Ovarian	[338]
	PAF	PCNA-related protein	Glioma	[339]
			Breast	[340]
	RAD18	E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase	Breast	[341]
			Gastric	[342]
NHEJ	RIF1	Replicase	Lung	[343]
	SETMAR	Transposase, methylase	Colon	[344]
	SETMAR-1200	Transposase	Glioblastoma	[345]
	PARP1	NAD + ADP-ribosyl-transferase 1	Colon	[346]
			Glioblastoma	[347]
HRR	RAD51	Homologous pairing	Colon	[346]
			Glioma	[166]
			Breast	[348]
	BRCA1	Recombinase and E3 ubiquitin ligase	Breast	[349]
			Oral	[350]
	RAD52	Homologous pairing	Oral	[350]
	NBS1	Homologous pairing	Glioblastoma	[351]
	RAD50	ATPase	Breast	[352]
	ATM	Kinase	Breast	[290]
			Glioma	[353]
	CHK1	Checkpoint kinase	Ovarian	[169]
			Nasopharyngeal	[354]
			Lung	[355]

Abbreviation: CSCs, cancer stem cells; BER, base excision repair; NER, nucleotide excision repair; PRR, post replication repair; NHEJ, non-homologous end joining; HR, homologous recombination repair

ISSN: 1756-8722