Cancer vaccines: current status and future directions

Table 1 The category of tumor antigens for cancer vaccines

Type	Subsets	Examples
Tumor-associated antigens (TAAs)	Over-expressed proteins	WT-1, MUC1, HER2, EGFR, survivin
	Cancer germline proteins	MAGE, NY-ESO-1
	Tissue-differentiation proteins	PSA, PAP, gp100, MART-1
Tumor-specific antigens (TSAs)	Viral oncoproteins	HPV (E6/E7), LMP, HBsAg
	Shared neoantigens	Mutated RAS, p53
	Individual neoantigens	Patient-specific

WT-1, Wilms tumor protein 1; MUC1, mucin 1; HER2, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2; EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor; MAGE, melanoma-associated antigen; NY-ESO-1, New York esophageal squamous cell carcinoma 1; PSA, prostate-specific antigen; PAP, prostatic acid phosphatase; gp100, glycoprotein 100; MART-1, melanoma antigen recognized by T cells 1; HPV, human papillomavirus; LMP, latent membrane protein; HBsAg, hepatitis B virus serum antigen

ISSN: 1756-8722