Table 3 The applications of in vivo editing and in situ generation of CAR therapy in tumors
Study | Tumor type | Gene delivery system | Gene-editing tool | In vivo CAR cell | Citation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hematologic malignancies | |||||
Álvarez-Benedicto et al. | B-cell lymphoma | Spleen SORT LNPs | Cre recombinase mRNA and CAR encoding mRNA incorporating both CD28 and 41BB co-stimulatory domains | CAR-T | [84] |
Smith et al. | Leukemia | PBAE polymer functionalized with MTAS and NLS sequences | Plasmids encoding an all-murine 194-1BBz CAR and the hyperactive iPB7 transposase | CAR-T | [8] |
Solid tumors | |||||
Chen et al. | Glioblastoma | The pCAR-laden nanomicelle coated with citraconic anhydride-modified dextran | Macrophage-specific promoter-driven anti-CD133 CAR plasmids (pCARs) encoding the CD3ζ intracellular costimulatory domain | CAR-MΦ | [94] |
Gao et al. | Brainstem gliomas | Couple macrophage-cell-targeting and phenotype-switching RP-182 peptide onto the surfaces of biodegradable PBAE-based NPs | Plasmid DNA encoding the ErbB2-specific CAR with the CMV promoter or macrophage specific CD68 promoter | CAR-MΦ | [95] |
Yang et al. | Hepatocellular carcinoma | Ionizable lipid PPZ-A10-formulated LNPs | GPC3-specific CAR mRNA and Siglec-GΔITIMs mRNA | CAR-M | [96] |