Fig. 4

Therapeutic strategies targeting Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Currently, many Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway inhibitors have become potential anti-cancer therapeutic drugs and are currently undergoing preclinical or clinical research. These drugs work by targeting specific components of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway, causing downregulation of Wnt signaling and inhibiting cancer progression. The selection of Wnt activators or inhibitors is crucial. In terms of specific target components within the pathway, these drugs can be divided into the following categories: (1) Extracellular or membrane level inhibitors or antagonists, which target Wnt. Ligands: FZD, LRP5/6 (2). Cytoplasmic level inhibitors, targeting β-catenin, AXIN, APC and other components involved in pathway activation; (3) Nuclear level inhibitors, regulating the transcription of target genes, such as transcriptional co-factors; (4) Inhibitors that interact with other signaling pathways